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HYPERTHERMIA USING MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; THE NEXT BIG THING!

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1. INTRODUCTION  The microscale heat transfer finds a lot of interesting applications in the biomedical industry. There is hot research going on in this area, especially associated with drug delivery and cancer therapy. The microscale heat transfer phenomenon through the tissues is an area that needs to be exploited for developing a full-proof system to heat the tumors present in the tissues and provide a feasible solution to cancer therapy. Hyperthermia therapy (or hyperthermia, or thermotherapy) is a type of medical treatment in which body tissue is exposed to temperatures in the region of 40-45°C. Hyperthermia is usually applied as an adjuvant to Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy, to which it works as a sensitizer, in an effort to treat cancer. Hyperthermia uses higher temperatures than diathermy and lower temperatures than ablation. When combined with radiation therapy, it can be called thermoradiotherapy. There are three important types of hyperthermia; they are as follows: • Local hyp
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APPLICATION OF NANOSCALE THERMAL RADIATION TO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM; A NOVEL CONCEPT

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The exploitation of the conventional sources of energy has reached the extremum already, so switching to renewable sources of energy is the motto of the future. The conventional sources of energy are depleting at an alarming rate. A large amount of heat is released as waste heat from the existing energy conversion systems, so technologies that can help in recycling or recovering the waste heat along with increasing the overall efficiency of the existing energy conversion systems and devices is the need of the hour. The thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices do the same thing. Figure 1: Thermophotovoltaic cell   TPV helps recycle the waste heat very efficiently. This device makes use of the photovoltaic effect by which the photons whose energy is larger than that of the bandgap of the TPV cell will be able to generate electron-hole pair. In this device, a junction is formed between the semiconductor layers, which are doped unevenly. This junction creates a potential barrier inside the cell.
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MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AS A POTENTIAL DEMULSIFIER; THE NEXT WONDER MATERIAL

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The Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) have proved themselves to be an excellent demulsifying agent because of its high recyclability and high surface area. Even though there are lots of chemical demulsifiers, there is still an urgent need to develop more efficient techniques and demulsifiers to meet eco-friendly and economically competitive requirements for oil and water separation from stable emulsions and for oil recovery from oil spills. In this paper, a single layer oleic acid coated magnetite ( Fe3O4@OA ) nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and the ability of this MNP as a novel demulsifier is analyzed. This demulsifier is used to demulsify a cyclohexane-diluted crude oil-in-water type ( CO-NE ) type emulsion under the presence of an external magnetic field. PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF MNPs AS A DEMULSIFIER The effects of various parameters such as dosage or concentration, wettability, pH, process type, salinity etc on the demulsification effi
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Fossil tracks left by an ancient crocodile that 'ran like an ostrich'

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Scientists have been stunned to find that some ancient crocodiles might have moved around on two feet. The evidence comes from beautifully preserved fossil tracks in South Korea. I thought this was something like an old dinosaur, looks similar to the raptor, but it's a variant of the old crocodile. I am really confused since how can a crocodile be like this.   So I thought it's worth sharing!!! Nearly a hundred of these 18-24cm-long indentations were left in what were likely the muddy sediments that surrounded a lake in the Early Cretaceous, 110-120 million years ago. The international team behind the discovery says it will probably challenge our perception of crocodiles. "People tend to think of crocodiles as animals that don't do very much; that they just laze around all day on the banks of the Nile or next to rivers in Costa Rica. Nobody automatically thinks I wonder what this [creature] would be like if it was bipedal and could run like an ostrich or a  T. rex ,&qu
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Red pandas tracked by satellite in conservation 'milestone'

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Conservationists are satellite tracking red pandas in the mountains of Nepal to find out more about the factors that are driving them towards extinction. The mammals are endangered, with numbers down to a few thousand in the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. Ten red pandas have been fitted with GPS collars to monitor their range in the forests near Mount Kangchenjunga. The GPS collars are said to be working well and yielding "exciting data". The six females and four males are being tracked and photographed using camera traps in a conservation effort involving scientists, vets, government officials in Nepal, and conservation group Red Panda Network. "This is a great milestone in red panda conservation", said Man Bahadur Khadka, director-general of Nepal's department of forests and soil conservation. The 10 pandas have been named by local people as Paaru, Dolma, Chintapu, Mechhachha, Bhumo, Senehang, Ngima, Brian, Ninamma and Praladdevi. The red panda ( Ai
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